When Chinese military leaders visited a U.S. military post in 2012, Maj. Gen. Ross Coffman recalled that they were shocked to see what the Army could do. “I saw it in their eyes,” said Coffman, now the director of the Next Generation Combat Vehicle Cross-Functional Team. “They didn’t believe our capability. I think deep down that put a fear in them that they had to modernize.” Sean Kimmons, Army News Service, reports.
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A pair of M1A2 Abrams tanks from 3rd Infantry Division's 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team during an exercise at the Dagmar North Training Area, South Korea, June 1, 2018. (Picture source: U.S Army/Sean Kimmons )
As the U.S. Army continued to fight in the Middle East, the Chinese caught up with their own capabilities, Maj. Gen. Ross Coffman said during a virtual discussion with the Center for Strategic and International Studies. Today, China is the top pacing threat for the American military, he said, and that may force the U.S. Army’s fleet of armored vehicles to play a larger role in the Indo-Pacific region.
While Russia announced it will field the T-14 Armata tank in fiscal year 2022, which it has described as the “best killing system on the planet,” China is still a bigger global threat, Coffman said. China uses a whole-of-government approach, including its diplomatic, information, military and economic arms, to project power across the world. While it was once a regional threat, China now competes with the U.S. globally, he said. “Any belief that China would self-limit [to their region] in conflict, to me, is short-sided,” Coffman said. “In conflict, they will fight globally. They’re going to use every arrow in their quiver.”
The chairman of China’s Central Military Commission recently said that war with the U.S. was inevitable, Coffman said, adding that was the first time the country has publicly made that statement. “What does that mean? I think that means that you’re willing to strike first,” Coffman said. “Because if it’s inevitable, why would you wait for your adversary to strike first?”
Maj. Gen. Ross Coffman, director of the Army Futures Command's Next-Generation Combat Vehicle Cross-Functional Team, speaks during a virtual discussion with the Center for Strategic and International Studies on March 10, 2021. (Screenshot image)
‘In the deterrence business’
The general said that there are two options for the U.S. military in the competition stage: deter or incite conflict. “The United States is in the deterrence business,” he said. “We don’t want to go to war.”
The Army also does not wait for a conflict, but rather is modernizing its units with over 30 signature systems, including new fighting vehicles, to create an overmatch, so “nobody wants to fight you,” he said. If a conflict were to occur, he said, it would not only be focused on air or maritime operations. The Indo-Pacific region has roughly 27 million square kilometers of land and half of the world’s population. A ground force would be required to take, hold and clear that land, he said.
In World War II, for instance, the U.S. military dropped around 6,800 tons of bombs and 22,000 naval shells during the Battle of Iwo Jima. Yet, it still took more than 70,000 Marines to defeat the Japanese ground force. “Even after all that ordnance was expended, you still had to send the ground force in to be decisive,” Coffman said. “If we want to take, hold and clear land you need the ground element.”
The U.S. Army now controls land using combined arms maneuver -- infantry, armor, field artillery and aviation assets -- that provide units the speed, range and convergence to enable decision dominance, he said. Armored vehicles give infantrymen mobile, protected, accurate and lethal fires for them to accomplish their mission. China currently has 10,000 fighting vehicles, including 7,000 tanks. “In order to be decisive, we have to be there with armor to prevent the Chinese to getting into the position of relative advantage,” he said.
In December 2020, the general’s team helped publish a new solicitation to industry for the Optionally Manned Fighting Vehicle, an advanced technology armored vehicle that could support mechanized infantry operations. The Army has also recently received at least 20 Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicles, a program that will eventually replace the M113 armored personnel carrier. “These things are absolutely paramount to our success,” he said, adding they are the workhorse of armored brigade combat teams.
While both the Chinese and U.S. militaries will have modernized combat vehicles, Coffman said the latter will still have the edge. “What they don’t have, and they will never have, is the professional women and men of our armed forces and our ability to fight as a joint force in a combined arms team for maneuver,” he said. “That’s what our advantage is. That combined with our modernization efforts is what makes us the best military in the world.”
