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General information |
Design work on the Merkava Mk 3 commenced in August 1983 shortly after the first production Merkava Mk 2 was handed over. The Merkava Mark III was introduced in December 1989, and had many major upgrades to the drivetrain, powertrain, armament, and safety systems. First production Mk 3 was delivered to the 188th Armoured Brigade in the spring of 1989. The most prominent addition was the incorporation of the Rheinmetall 120mm Gun developed in Germany. This gun and a larger 1,200 horsepower diesel motor increased the total weight of the tank to 65 tonnes, but the larger motor increased the maximum cruising speed to 60 km/h. The turret was re-engineered for movement independent of the tank chassis, allowing it to track a target regardless of the tank's movement.
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Variants : Merkava IIIB: with improved armour Merkava IIID: with new modular composite armor on the chassis and turret. Merkava III BAZ: Upgraded fire-control system components, from Electro Optics Industries (EL-OP) and Elbit Ltd, provides the tank with the ability to engage moving targets while on the move (an automatic target tracker). Merkava III LIC: with improvements for urban warfare
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Armament |
The Merkava Mark III is armed with the main gun 120mm smoothbore gun developed by Israeli Military Industries. The gun has a Vidco Industries thermal sleeve, which increases accuracy by preventing distortion through the effects of weather, heat and shock. The tank carries an ammunition store of 50 rounds of 120mm ammunition. The tank is also equipped with three 7.62mm machine guns, two roof mounted and one co-axial with the main gun. The tank carries a store of 10,000 rounds of 7.62mm ammunition. The Merkava III is also equipped with a 60mm mortar system, capable of firing high explosive rounds and illumination bombs. The crew can load, aim and fire the mortar system from within the turret. The mortar system is developed by Soltam Limited of Haifa.
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Turret |
The Merkava 3 use a new turret, she has been lengthened by 230 mm and the complete turret armour array around the crew redesigned to a modular configuration. Turret controls are now all-electric with controls for both gunner and commander. The commander's panoramic sight has a magnification of ×4.8 and ×12, with an optical relay to the gunner's sight which is a two-axis stabilised day/night sight with a magnification of ×5 (thermal) and ×12 (day). The gunner's sight incorporates an Nd:YAG laser range-finder and automatic target tracker. The advanced fire-control system has been developed by ELOP and Elbit. The fire-control system is integrated with the turret- and gun-control equipment and allows line of sight stabilisation for the tank commander and gunner. It allows the Merkava Mk 3 to engage moving targets with a high first-round hit probability while it is also moving.
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Protection |
The Merkava Mk 3 is equipped with anew armor. The Merkava Mk 3 was the first MBT to be protected by a modular layered armoured suite. The armour modules are fitted with special attachment gear that enables the entire system to be replaced in the field, as well as to withstand the high dynamic loads occurring from high speeds or ballistic shock.
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Propulsion |
The Merkava III is motorized with General Dynamics Land Systems AVDS-1790-9AR V-12 air-cooled diesel developing 1,200 hp and this is coupled to a new Ashot transmission. The suspension is new consisting of 12 roadwheels, six either side, independently mounted on trailing arms and sprung by pairs of concentric coil springs. The first two and last two roadwheel stations either side have a hydraulic rotary damper developed by SHL. Ashot Ashkelon provides the final drives and suspension system for the Merkava Mk 3. Total roadwheel travel is 604 mm, 300 mm bump and 304 mm rebound.
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Accessories |
The NBC system is still of the overpressure type but with a central filter and an air conditioning capability. The crew of the Merkava Mk 3 is protected against NBC threats and can fight without NBC protective clothing and harness gear. The system operates on the principle of a pressure chamber inside the fighting compartment and as an option, filtered air can be directed to flow into the protective masks and personal gear when worn by the crew when operating with open hatches. The vehicle also incorporates a modern air conditioning system which inserts fresh filtered air into the tank and crew clothing.
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Specifications |
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Armament
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120 mm rifled gun, three 7,62 mm machine gun, one mortar 60 mm, 12 smoke discharger.
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Country users
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Israel
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Crew
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4
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Accessories
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Firing gun computer control system, NBC protection,thermal night vision.
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Armor
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Modular special armor a
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Weight
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65,000 kg
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Speed
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60 km/h
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Range
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500 km a
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