TOR-M1 9A331 SA-15 Gauntlet

Surface-to-air defense missile system - Russia

The TOR-M1 9A331-1, NATO code designation SA-15 Gauntlet) is a mobile, integrated surface-to-air defense missile system designed and manufactured by the Russian Defence Industry. The TOR-M1 is intended for effective defense of troops, civilian and industrial facilities from current and future air attack weapons, primarily high-precision weapons, as well as from aircraft, helicopters, cruise missiles, guided aerial bombs and remotely piloted vehicles. The basic component of the system is a combat vehicle mounted on a cross-country tracked chassis of the intermediate weight category. The TOR-M1 combat vehicle can detect aerial targets on the move and launch air defense missiles at two highest-threat targets from a short halt. The TOR-M1 can be shipped by any type of transport, including aircraft. The TOR-M1 is capable of operating in an intensive aerial jamming environment. The TOR-M1 combat vehicle can operate autonomously, firing from stationary positions or on the move. Set-up time is rated at 3 minutes and typical reaction time, from target detection to missile launch is 5-8 seconds. Reaction time could range from 3.4 seconds for stationary positions to 10 seconds while on the move. Each fire unit can engage and launch missiles against two separate targets.

TOR-M1 9A331 main variants:

There are several modifications of the TOR-M1 system, such as the TOR-M1T (wheeled chassis-mounted systems) and a stationary version.
- 9K330 "Tor": with the 9M330 missile, a minimum range of 2 km (1.2 mi), introduced in 1986
- 9K331 "Tor-M": with the 9M331 missile, a minimum range of 1.5 km (0.9 mi), was introduced in 1991, with greatly improved missile accuracy and the ability to engage two targets simultaneously
- 9K331M "Tor-M1", "Tor-M1T": with the 9M331 missile, minimum range 1.5 km (0.9 mi)
- 9K332 "Tor-M2", "Tor-MTA", "Tor-MTB", "Tor-MTS": with the 9M331 missile and a new surveillance radar, minimum range 1 km (0.6 mi)