Russia Boosts Production of Destructive Rocket Launcher TOS-1A by 250% for Deployment in Ukraine.

On April 19, 2024, Uralvagonzavod, a Russian combat vehicles manufacturer, released new footage featuring a visit by Russian Defense Minister Army General Sergei Shoigu. During this visit, it was announced that production of the TOS-1A Solntsepek heavy flamethrower rocket launcher systems has been ramped up by 250%. This increase is a response to the heightened demand for these powerful weapons by Russian forces, particularly in the context of the ongoing military engagements in Ukraine.
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The Russian TOS-1A is considered one of the most destructive weapons in the world.  (Picture source Russian MoD)

The TOS-1A, known for its devastating firepower, is a key component of Russia's artillery arsenal and has been actively deployed since the onset of the conflict with Ukraine in February 2022. Described as one of the world's most destructive weapon systems, the TOS-1A operates similarly to a Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), launching 220 mm rockets filled with a thermobaric mixture capable of producing extreme heat and consuming oxygen, effectively annihilating targets within its range.

The decision to boost production comes not only from an increase in manufacturing capacity but also reflects the strategic importance of these systems on the battlefield. Reports from Army Recognition as of November 22, 2023, indicated that approximately 50 units of TOS-1A and its successor, the TOS-2, were in operation.

In response to the vulnerabilities faced by these systems, particularly from Ukrainian drone and munition attacks, enhancements have been made to the TOS-1A's defenses. The installation of "Cope Cage" armor aims to protect against First Person View (FPV) drone strikes and loitering munitions, while the Volnorez mobile electronic warfare (EW) system provides additional defensive capabilities against electronic threats.

Despite these upgrades, the Russian military has faced significant losses, with 20 TOS-1A units reportedly destroyed in the conflict. This escalation in production and fortification underscores the ongoing intensity of the conflict in Ukraine and the critical role of advanced weaponry in modern warfare.

The TOS-1A Solntsepyok heavy flamethrower system, deployed by Russian forces in Ukraine since the beginning of the invasion in February 2022, is noted for its powerful combat capabilities. Mounted on a modified T-72 or T-90 tank chassis, the TOS-1A fires thermobaric rockets that are particularly effective against fortified positions, personnel in open terrain, and lightly armored vehicles. Its thermobaric warheads use a fuel-air explosive to create a high-temperature explosion, consuming oxygen from the surrounding air to enhance the blast effect​.

The TOS-1A's destructive power is well recognized, and its deployment has been strategically important for Russia in the conflict with Ukraine. It has a psychological impact on the battlefield due to its ability to deliver sudden and extensive damage over a broad area, which can demoralize enemy forces. Additionally, the thermobaric nature of its munitions means it's especially deadly in enclosed spaces where the blast and heat can be more confined and thus more destructive​.

The system has also seen an increase in its operational range and improvements in its firing capabilities over the years. Initially, the TOS-1A had a maximum range of about 6 km, but recent upgrades have extended this to 10 km, enhancing its effectiveness in diverse combat scenarios. Despite its power, the system has raised significant ethical and legal concerns internationally due to its heavy impact in civilian areas and the indiscriminate nature of its large-area effect.

The TOS-1A is equipped with a rocket launcher station that holds 24 rockets, each capable of covering an area of up to 40,000 square meters. (Picture source Russian MoD)

The TOS-1A Solntsepek heavy flamethrower system, utilized by the Russian military, is particularly effective in fire support roles, especially suited for scenarios like urban combat or against fortified positions. It features some distinct combat capabilities.

The range of the TOS-1A is somewhat limited compared to traditional artillery systems. It can effectively engage targets from 400 meters up to 6 kilometers. This shorter effective range is designed to maximize the destructive power of its munitions over a concentrated area. The weapon fires 220 mm rockets equipped with a fuel-air explosive that can generate extreme temperatures of up to 3,000 degrees Celsius upon detonation. This intense heat not only causes immediate destruction but also consumes all oxygen in the vicinity, creating a high-pressure shockwave that can devastate infantry and unarmored equipment.

The TOS-1A is equipped with a rocket launcher station that holds 24 rockets, each capable of covering an area of up to 40,000 square meters. In terms of engagement, the TOS-1A can quickly deliver its payload, often firing all its rockets in less than 15 seconds. This rapid discharge capability allows it to lay waste to an area before enemy forces can effectively react or reposition, making it an ideal weapon for shock and awe tactics during assaults.

The system is typically operated by a crew of three, consisting of a commander, a driver, and a gunner. The operational crew is trained to handle the complexities of the system, ensuring rapid deployment and relocation to avoid counterattacks, especially since the TOS-1A is a high-value target due to its potent firepower.

The TOS-1A's destructive power is well recognized, and its deployment has been strategically important for Russia in the conflict with Ukraine. It has a psychological impact on the battlefield due to its ability to deliver sudden and extensive damage over a broad area, which can demoralize enemy forces. Additionally, the thermobaric nature of its munitions means it's especially deadly in enclosed spaces where the blast and heat can be more confined and thus more destructive (Army Recognition).

The system has also seen an increase in its operational range and improvements in its firing capabilities over the years. Initially, the TOS-1A had a maximum range of about 6 km, but recent upgrades have extended this to 10 km, enhancing its effectiveness in diverse combat scenarios. Despite its power, the system has raised significant ethical and legal concerns internationally due to its heavy impact in civilian areas and the indiscriminate nature of its large-area effect.

Defense News April 2024