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T-90SK Main Battle Tank as a Symbol of Russian-Vietnamese Cooperation in Defense.
At the Vietnam Defence Expo 2024, a display of the systems and equipment used by the Vietnamese military was presented outdoors, showcasing the country’s growing defense capabilities. Among the featured equipment were two examples of the T-90S and T-90SK tanks. These vehicles, manufactured by the Russian company Uralvagonzavod, not only highlighted Vietnam’s commitment to modernizing its armored forces but also underscored the depth of the defense partnership between Vietnam and Russia.
The T-90SK, featuring a 125 mm smoothbore gun firing both shells and guided missiles, was showcased at the Vietnam Defence Exhibition 2024 (Picture source: Army Recognition)
The T-90SK is designed to operate in challenging environments while providing optimal firepower, mobility, and protection. Powered by a B-92C2 turbocharged diesel engine generating 1,000 horsepower, it can reach a maximum speed of 60 km/h and cover a range of 550 km without refueling. It can tackle slopes of 30 to 40 degrees, cross trenches of 2.8 meters, and overcome vertical obstacles of up to 0.85 meters, making it suitable for complex off-road operations.
The tank is equipped with a 125 mm smoothbore gun capable of firing both shells and anti-tank guided missiles through the barrel. This system, combined with an automatic loader, ensures a firing rate of 7 to 8 rounds per minute. Additionally, the T-90SK is armed with a coaxial 7.62 mm PKT machine gun and a 12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun, providing firepower suited for various ranges and combat scenarios. It can use a wide array of ammunition, including high-velocity armor-piercing rounds, high-explosive fragmentation projectiles, and guided missiles capable of engaging targets at up to 5 km. Missiles such as the 9M119 Refleks are designed to neutralize armored vehicles equipped with reactive armor or low-flying aerial targets like helicopters.
The T-90SK's protection relies on a composite multilayer armor system combined with Kontakt-5 explosive reactive armor, offering high resistance against kinetic projectiles and anti-tank missiles. Additionally, the Shtora-1 electronic suppression system incorporates optical and infrared devices to disrupt enemy guidance systems. These features enable the T-90SK to withstand sophisticated threats on the battlefield.
The tank also emphasizes crew performance, featuring advanced navigation systems and air conditioning to ensure optimal operation in harsh climates. Thermal-optic sensors and ballistic computers enable accurate observation and tracking of targets even under adverse weather conditions. The multi-axis stabilization system for the main gun allows the tank to maintain accuracy, even while in motion.
The T-90S, of which the T-90SK is a variant, represents the latest evolution in the Russian T-series tanks. It is widely used by countries such as India, which operates a specific version called the Bhishma. In February 2001, India signed a contract for 310 T-90S tanks. This export variant is also in service in countries like Algeria, Iraq, and Vietnam, which placed an order for T-90S tanks in July 2017. Recent operations in Ukraine have also demonstrated the active deployment of this tank by Russian forces.
The presence of these tanks at the exhibition highlights the strategic importance of the T-90S and T-90SK within Vietnam's armed forces. Beyond their military significance, this presentation underscores the broader strategic relationship between Vietnam and Russia, a partnership strengthened over decades. In addition to T-90 tanks, Russia has supplied Vietnam with various military equipment, including Sukhoi Su-30MK2 fighter jets, Kilo-class submarines, and S-300 air defense systems. These deliveries modernize Vietnam’s armed forces and enhance its regional position. Equipped with advanced Russian technologies, Vietnam has bolstered its ability to safeguard its territorial integrity and maintain stability in the Asia-Pacific region, where strategic competition intensifies. As a key supplier of military equipment to Vietnam, Russia plays a crucial role in shaping the country’s defense posture and ensuring its readiness to face evolving geopolitical challenges.