Ukraine Deploys New Loitering Munition Armed with RPG-7 Anti-tank Ammunition.

On May 8, 2024, the Ukrainian defense forces released images showing the use of a new loitering munition equipped with RPG-7 anti-tank ammunition, employed in combat operations. Although this model is still relatively unknown, it is not the first time the Ukrainian defense industry has developed this type of loitering munition using an RPG-7 anti-tank charge.

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New Ukrainian Loitering Munition with RPG-7 Warhead (Picture source: Ukrainian MoD and Ukroboronprom)

Indeed, at UMEX 2022, Ukroboronprom had already showcased the UJ-32 LASTIVKA, a multirole loitering munition designed to operate effectively at any time of day or under any weather conditions, even in environments with electronic countermeasures. The UJ-32 is tailored for striking immobile targets on both ground and water. One of its key features is the ability to modify or cancel its flight mission in real-time, and it can operate in "flock" mode, allowing multiple munitions to coordinate strikes on a single target or be redirected to various targets independently.

The UJ-32 boasts high precision with a target hit accuracy of no more than +/- 2.5 meters. It features a low noise level during both launch and flight and avoids leaving visual or infrared trails, enhancing its stealth capabilities. The munition is also designed for quick assembly and disassembly and can switch its warhead for an onboard camera to provide additional reconnaissance capabilities. With speeds ranging from 60 to 180 km/h, a flight duration of 20 minutes, and a maximum autonomous range of 40 km, the UJ-32 can employ RPG-7 ammunition in its standard configuration but is also compatible with other types of ammunition.

It is likely that this new loitering munition released by the Ukrainian forces, which also uses an RPG-7 charge, has capabilities more or less identical to the UJ-32. The UAV appears to be mounted on a portable launching rail, suggesting rapid deployment capabilities. Mounted on a portable launching rail, the UAV is designed for rapid deployment. Its streamlined and compact form is optimized for precise targeting and low radar visibility. Featuring a straightforward, elongated fuselage and a front-mounted propeller, it is likely powered by an electric motor, which facilitates quieter operations than traditional combustion engines. The UAV adopts a high-wing configuration to enhance stability and flight efficiency. Its wings, straight and extending beyond the fuselage, are equipped with control surfaces at their tips, improving maneuverability.

Loitering munitions have become pivotal in the ongoing conflict between Ukraine and Russia, fundamentally altering tactics on the modern battlefield. These drones are utilized by both nations, but Russia currently possesses a notable advantage with sophisticated models like the Orlan-10, ZALA Lancet, and Shahed drones. The Lancets have proven so effective that their capabilities have been recognized by both Russian and Ukrainian defense officials.

The Shahed drones, notorious for their use in the invasion, have caused significant damage to Ukrainian infrastructure and resulted in numerous civilian casualties due to their deployment as deadly suicide drones. In response, Ukraine has been adept at countering these threats, successfully downing many Shahed drones and developing its own variants to target vital Russian assets. These Ukrainian drones are designed to disable armored vehicles, tanks, and enemy positions, with Kyiv accelerating production to address artillery shortages.

To counteract Russia's technological edge, Ukraine's national arms manufacturer, Ukroboronprom, is intensifying efforts to produce long-range drones continuously. The goal is to manufacture at least two million units by year's end, with increased procurement efforts also being made by European countries to support Ukraine.

Loitering munition represents a new and evolving threat on the battlefield for both Ukrainian and Russian forces, particularly in their capacity to target and destroy combat vehicles, tanks, and artillery systems. These unmanned aerial vehicles, designed to hover over a target area before identifying and striking high-value targets with precision, offer a significant tactical advantage. Their deployment complicates traditional defense strategies, forcing both sides to adapt to a warfare landscape where key assets can be eliminated with little warning. The increased use of such drones underscores a shift towards more remote and technologically advanced forms of combat, with the potential to significantly impact the effectiveness and survivability of armored units and artillery positions in the ongoing conflict.

Loitering Munition and FPV Drone developed by Ukrainian Defense Industry (Picture Source: Thanks to  Chuck Pfarrer for the Graphic)