Ukraine ramps up production of 2S22 Bohdana 2.0 self-propelled howitzer.

To enhance its defense capabilities amid ongoing conflicts, Ukraine, with assistance from international partners, has accelerated the production of the 2S22 Bohdana 2.0, a 155mm self-propelled artillery system. This move underscores Ukraine's strategic shift toward enhancing its domestic defense manufacturing sector, particularly in the realm of artillery systems and ammunition, amidst the broader context of global conflicts and the imperative to reduce reliance on foreign military supplies.
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Ukraine Bohdana 2.0 self-propelled howitzer (Picture source: Ukraine MoD)

The Bohdana 2.0 is a key component of Ukraine's defense strategy, combining high firepower with exceptional mobility. This system is designed with a 155 mm/52 caliber gun, optimized for long-range engagements and quick deployment, marking a transition from Soviet-era calibers to NATO-standard 155mm, reflecting both an alignment with Western military standards and a commitment to fostering local defense production capabilities.

Capable of firing five rounds per minute, the Bohdana can be deployed in just 1.5 minutes and carries a stockpile of 20 rounds. Despite its substantial combat weight of up to 28 tons, it boasts remarkable mobility, capable of reaching speeds up to 80 km/h on roads and 30 km/h off-road. This versatility is further enhanced by the system's adaptability to various chassis options, facilitating rapid enhancement of the Ukrainian armed forces' artillery capabilities.

Significantly, Ukraine's defense industry has made advances in the local production of artillery ammunition, with around 20% of shells used being domestically manufactured, a figure that increases to 50% for certain types of ammunition. This development is part of a broader effort to diversify the nation's defense production across mortars, towed artillery, unmanned systems, and missile systems, while also strengthening the underlying industrial base.

International collaboration has been a cornerstone of Ukraine's strategy to fortify its defense sector. Through partnerships with countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic, France, and Denmark, Ukraine is not only expanding its heavy weapons and ammunition production capacities but is also engaging with major defense firms for the repair and maintenance of artillery systems. Notably, agreements with BAE Systems and AMS Integrated Solutions aim to leverage Ukrainian facilities and expertise for the upkeep of BAE-manufactured artillery systems, enhancing the sustainability of Ukraine's military infrastructure.

The development journey of the 2S22 Bohdana, initiated in 2015, underscores Ukraine's dedication to self-reliance in defense technologies. Having undergone extensive testing and enhancement, the Bohdana 2.0, mounted on a MAZ-6317 truck chassis, is now actively deployed with Ukraine's elite brigades, equipped with an armored cab for increased protection. Its primary armament, a 155mm NATO standard cannon, demonstrates formidable range and firepower, further augmented by a sophisticated fire control system that includes gun stabilization, a ballistic calculator, an automatic gun-laying system, and a navigation system.

The upgraded Bohdana 2.0 variant retains the 155mm cannon but introduces various improvements, including a redesigned armored cabin. Notable changes include curved roof edges towards the sides of the cabin, redesigned windows and doors with different base shapes, and larger steps. In terms of combat capabilities, the 2.0 version can fire American M982 Excalibur 155mm precision-guided shells. Additionally, a computerized fire control system has been installed on the chassis, enabling automatic targeting and target tracking. The Ukrainian forces have also enhanced the fire system to ensure effectiveness across different terrains.

The 2.0 variant can employ conventional NATO ammunition with its 155mm cannon, enabling a firing range of up to 42 km with HEIAP ammunition and up to 50 km with artillery rocket-assisted projectiles. Equipped with a modern aiming and fire control system, including a computerized fire control system, a ballistic calculator, an automatic gun laying system, and a navigation system, the 2S22 Bohdana can rapidly establish its location and engage targets. The Bohdana 2.0 continues to be designed and manufactured in Ukraine by the Kramatorsk Heavy Duty Machine Tool Building Plant.

The Ukrainian army has now at least 4 Bohdana in three variants (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0), each with its own 6x6 truck chassis.