US approves AIM-120D-3 missile sale to Denmark to strengthen strategic airspace defense.

On October 29, 2024, the U.S. State Department approved a potential Foreign Military Sale to Denmark, involving the procurement of up to 203 AIM-120D-3 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missiles (AMRAAM), along with associated logistics, for an estimated cost of $744 million. The AIM-120D-3 variant, also known as the AMRAAM F3R, incorporates a two-way data link and GPS navigation to enhance its performance in electronic warfare environments. Denmark also became the first publicly known export customer of the AIM-120D-3, though previous sales of the AIM-120D may have included this model as well.
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Compared to its predecessors, such as the AIM-120C-7, the AIM-120D series offers a 50% increase in range and enhanced guidance capabilities. (Picture source: Raytheon)

The AIM-120D-3 represents the latest development in the AMRAAM series, reflecting continuous technological evolution. Compared to its predecessors, such as the AIM-120C-7, the AIM-120D series offers a 50% increase in range and enhanced guidance capabilities. These upgrades significantly improve the missile's probability of kill (Pk), delivering better precision and performance in various combat scenarios. Although the exact range of the AIM-120D remains classified, estimates suggest it can engage targets at distances between 160 km and 180 km, making it a highly capable weapon for long-range engagements.

A notable feature of the AIM-120D-3 variant, known as the AMRAAM F3R (Form, Fit, Function Refresh), is its response to supply chain challenges and manufacturing issues. The F3R program integrates a two-way data link and GPS navigation into the missile's systems, enhancing its performance, particularly in electronic warfare environments. These updates ensure that the missile continues to meet modern air combat requirements while maintaining production efficiency and reliability.

The AIM-120D-3's versatility and precision make it a critical asset for air forces, capable of engaging multiple targets and operating under various conditions. Its upgraded systems and extended range reinforce its role as a key component in air-to-air combat. The F3R program further ensures the missile remains viable for long-term operational use, addressing potential obsolescence and updating crucial hardware for continued functionality.

Denmark's decision to acquire these missiles aligns with its broader objective of modernizing its air force. Currently, the Royal Danish Air Force operates a total of 54 F-16 and F-35A fighters, which are crucial to Denmark's close collaboration with neighboring Nordic countries such as Finland, Norway, and Sweden. As a Level 3 partner in the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter program since 2002, Denmark is set to receive a total of 27 F-35A aircraft to replace its aging fleet of 48 F-16 fighter jets, with the first four F-35As arriving at Skrydstrup Air Base in 2023.

The acquisition of the AIM-120D-3 AMRAAM will enhance Denmark's air defense capabilities by providing longer-range engagement options and improved performance in complex electronic warfare environments. This missile is expected to strengthen Denmark's ability to defend its airspace, particularly in cooperation with its Nordic allies, and ensure interoperability with modern fighter jets such as the F-16 and F-35. The AIM-120D-3's advanced guidance systems, increased range, and robust electronic countermeasure capabilities make it a critical asset for Denmark's strategic defense needs.