Russia has used Kalibr cruise missiles launched from the sea to target Ukraine territory.

According to information released by the Russian MoD (Ministry of Defense), Russian naval ships have launched Kalibr cruise missiles to destroy Ukrainian military infrastructure installations in the evening of March 19 and the morning of March 20, 2022.
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Russian-made Kalibr cruise missile. (Picture source Vitaly Kuzmin)

Citing the Russian Defense Ministry spokesman Igor Konashenkov, Sea-based Kalibr cruise missiles launched from the seas of the Black Sea destroyed workshops at the Nizhyn repair factory utilized for the restoration of Ukrainian armored vehicles damaged in combat operations.

Kalibr missile was launched from the Caspian Sea and airborne Kinzhal was fired from over Crimea at the fuel depot near Konstantinovka settlement in Nikolaevsk region of Ukraine, which supplied the Ukrainian forces in the south of the country. Kalibr was also fired from the Black Sea at the armor overhaul plant in Nezhinsk, Konashenkov said.

The 3M14 Kalibr (NATO designation SS-N-30A) is a Russian land-attack cruise missile (LACM) that can be launched from ships or submarines. Russian plans to deploy Kalibr missiles to all new nuclear and non-nuclear submarines, corvettes, frigates, and larger surface ships.

Russia has developed a family of Kalibr cruise missiles including five versions two anti-shipping types, one for land attack and two anti-submarine types. The missile is designed to share common parts between the surface and submarine-launched variants but each missile consists of different components, for example, the booster. The missile can be launched from a surface ship using a Vertical Launch System (VLS).

Citing Russian source, the Kalibr land cruise missiles have an estimated range of around 1,500 to 2,500 km. The missile can be fitted with an HE (High Explosive) or a thermonuclear warhead weighing from 1,300 to 2,300 kg.

The Kalibr missiles have already been used in Syria, launched from the Caspian Sea. Citing information published by the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Kalibr cruise missiles, was fired by the ships of the Caspian flotilla Navy Russia on "Islamic State" targets in Syria, and hit targets with an accuracy of up to three meters. The missiles were launched by missile ship "Dagestan" of the project 11661 and small missile ships of the project 21631 ("Buyan- M") "Sviyazhsk", "Uglich" and "Great Ustyug".