Russia equips landing ships with Tor-M2KM surface to air missile system.

According to information published by Tass on November 23, 2023, the Russian Navy's amphibious force in the Black Sea is enhancing its air defenses with additional autonomous combat modules of the 'Tor-M2KM' surface-to-air missile system.
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Tor-M2KM surface to air missile system on Project 22160 patrol ship Pavel Derzhavin. (Picture source: Russian media)

The Tor-M2KM Air Defense System is an anti-aircraft missile system designed to protect military, state, and industrial facilities from various aerial threats, including high-precision weapons like anti-radar and cruise missiles, guided aircraft bombs, assault aircraft, fire support helicopters, and remotely manned vehicles​​.

Developed by the Air Defence "Almaz-Antey" and Izhevsk electromechanical factory "Dome", this system is a modification of the 'Tor-M2E' and is distinguished by its modular construction, allowing it to be placed on various platforms according to the customer's requirements​​.

The Tor-M2KM system comprises an Autonomous Combat Module (ABM) and an Anti-aircraft missile module (AMS), each equipped with four anti-aircraft guided missiles (SAM) 9M331D.

The ABM is a standalone unit containing target detection, escort and guidance systems, control and monitoring equipment, a life support system, an autonomous power supply, and eight ready-to-launch SAMs.

It can detect and process up to 48 targets, displaying information on the ten most dangerous ones and engaging up to four air targets simultaneously. The ABM's equipment is protected against modern special interferences, and it can operate as part of a group under a single command post​​.

The ABM weighs no more than 15 tons and can be installed on platforms using special, quick-release brackets. It is not connected to the platform by mechanical or hydraulic drives or energy systems and has its own gas turbine power source. The module is equipped with a modern navigation system that works with GPS and GLONASS systems, allowing for precise location determination​​.

Recent developments have seen Russia equipping its Project 22160 patrol ships with the Tor-M2KM systems to strengthen their air defenses, particularly in response to the challenges posed by modern anti-ship missiles.

The Russian Navy's decision to equip its ships with ground-based air defense systems like the Tor-M2KM and Pantsir follows the realization that their existing ship air defense systems were not adequate against modern threats​.