French Navy Confirms F21 Torpedo's Lethal Precision in Successful Test.

According to information published by the French MoD on December 14, 2024, the French Navy conducted a successful test of the F21 heavy torpedo, launched from a nuclear attack submarine (SNA) against a realistic target.
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The French Navy validates the advanced capabilities of the F21 heavy torpedo, sinking a target vessel during a successful live-fire test on December 14, 2024. (Picture source: French MoD)

The F21 heavy torpedo, developed by Naval Group for the French Navy, represents a significant advancement in underwater weaponry. Designed to neutralize both surface vessels and submarines, it is engineered for versatility in various maritime environments, including deep waters and congested coastal areas with high levels of noise and dense shipping traffic.

Measuring approximately 6 meters in length and weighing around 1.5 tonnes, the F21 is equipped with a 533 mm diameter, making it compatible with standard submarine torpedo tubes. Its propulsion system features an electric motor powered by a silver oxide-aluminum (AgO-Al) battery, driving two counter-rotating propellers. This configuration enables the torpedo to achieve speeds exceeding 50 knots (93 km/h) and engage targets at ranges over 50 kilometers.

The guidance system of the F21 combines wire-guided mid-course navigation with autonomous acoustic homing in the terminal phase. This dual-mode guidance allows for real-time course adjustments and enhances target acquisition accuracy, even in challenging acoustic environments. The torpedo is also equipped with advanced counter-countermeasure capabilities, enabling it to effectively bypass modern defensive systems employed by potential adversaries.

In terms of lethality, the F21 carries a 200 kg high-explosive warhead designed to inflict maximum damage on enemy vessels. Its onboard intelligence and sophisticated sonar suite allow it to discriminate between targets and decoys, ensuring a high probability of mission success. Additionally, the torpedo's design emphasizes reliability and safety, incorporating measures to prevent accidental detonation and unauthorized access.

Operational since 2019, the F21 has been integrated into all classes of French submarines, including nuclear attack submarines (SSNs) and ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs). The Brazilian Navy has also selected the F21 to arm its Scorpène-class submarines.

The development of the F21 is part of the French Defence Procurement Agency's (DGA) Artémis program, aiming to equip the French Navy with a scalable and future-proof torpedo system.

In summary, the F21 heavy torpedo enhances the French Navy's underwater combat capabilities through its combination of speed, range, advanced guidance systems, and resilience against countermeasures, positioning it as an asset in modern naval warfare.