US Officially Transfers CN235 Maritime Surveillance Aircraft to Malaysia.

On June 27, 2024, the United States officially handed over three CN235-220 maritime surveillance aircraft to the Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) during a ceremony held at Subang Air Base. US Ambassador to Malaysia, Edgard D. Kagan, formally handed over the “Universal Hand Control Unit” (UHCU) of the aircraft’s electro-optical/infrared sensor turret to RMAF Commander Gen. Tan Sri Dato' Sri Mohd Asghar Khan bin Goriman Khan.
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The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) acquired its CN235 aircraft in several batches, with the first units entering service in the early 1990s. (Picture source: Malaysian Air Forces)

The ceremony was attended by high-ranking officials, including Deputy Secretary-General Policy YBrs Mr. Mohd Yani bin Daud, Deputy Commander of the Air Force Lt. Gen. Datuk Seri Hj Muhamad Norazlan bin Aris, and other senior RMAF officers, alongside a delegation from the US Embassy.

The conversion of these CN235 aircraft from cargo to maritime surveillance configuration was funded by the US government under the Maritime Security Initiative. This $60 million program represents the first major US security grant initiative in Malaysia. The CN235s are now equipped with advanced maritime surveillance radars, electro-optical infrared turrets, beyond line-of-sight communications, and roll-on/roll-off system operator stations. These enhancements significantly boost the RMAF’s maritime surveillance capabilities, enabling the detection of small targets up to 200 nautical miles.

The CN235 is a medium-range twin-engine transport aircraft developed by CASA of Spain and Indonesian manufacturer PT Dirgantara. Production of the CN235 began in the 1980s, with various military and civilian versions built to accommodate different operational requirements. The aircraft has been widely used for both cargo and passenger transport, maritime patrol, and surveillance roles. Its robust design and short takeoff and landing (STOL) capabilities make it well-suited for operations from short and unprepared airstrips.

The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF) acquired its CN235 aircraft in several batches, with the first units entering service in the early 1990s. Over the years, the aircraft have been upgraded to enhance their capabilities, including recent conversions to maritime surveillance configurations. As of 2024, the RMAF operates three CN235-220 maritime surveillance aircraft, which have been equipped with advanced surveillance radars, electro-optical infrared turrets, beyond line-of-sight communications, and roll-on/roll-off system operator stations.

The CN235’s capabilities include a maximum range of approximately 2,400 nautical miles and a top speed of around 245 knots. Its advanced sensors and communication systems allow it to perform a variety of roles, including maritime patrol, border surveillance, search and rescue, and environmental monitoring. The aircraft's versatility, combined with its ability to operate in diverse and challenging environments, makes it a valuable asset for modern air forces and coast guards worldwide.

The conversion work on the aircraft was carried out by PT Dirgantara Indonesia, with the final CN235 completed in June 2023. The other two aircraft were fully converted in June and October 2022. All three CN235s are operated by 1 Squadron out of Kuching Air Base in Sarawak, with one aircraft having already participated in the Royal Malaysian Navy’s Taming Sari live-fire exercise in December 2023.

The handover of these aircraft is part of broader efforts by the US to enhance Malaysia’s maritime domain awareness and security. The US government has provided over $240 million in security assistance to Malaysia between 2019 and 2023. This includes additional aid such as Insitu ScanEagle drones donated to the Royal Malaysian Navy.

Ambassador Edgard D. Kagan highlighted the significance of these conversions, noting that they enable Malaysia to maintain vigilant watch over its Exclusive Economic Zones and enhance the country’s ability to secure its maritime environment. The security cooperation between the US and Malaysia also includes 11 bilateral and five multilateral defense exercises, the highest number Malaysia has with any country. These exercises enhance Malaysian defense readiness, strengthen multinational relationships, and underscore the US commitment to a free and open Indo-Pacific.

The RMAF’s maritime surveillance capabilities will see further improvements with the expected arrival of three Turkish Aerospace Industries Anka-S drones starting next year and two Leonardo-built ATR 72 maritime patrol aircraft in 2026.