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TOR-M2U 9A331 9M331

TOR-M2U short-range air defense missile system

Description

Technical Data

Specifications

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Description

The TOR-M2U is an upgraded version of the TOR-M2 short-range air defense missile system. The TOR-M2U is equipped with a new battlefield missile system with better algorithms to recognize, classify and prioritize targets and able to engage four threats simultaneously. The TOR-M2U is especially designed to protect the most important military and civil objects from air strikes carried out using aircraft, helicopters, cruising missiles, guided missiles, aerial guided and non-guided bombs, UAVs, etc. under any lighting and weather conditions. The Russian army has take delivery of the first Tor-M2U missile systems at the end of 2014 with the system expected to achieve initial operational capability by late 2015 after completing the state's testing phase. The Tor-M2U newest anti-aircraft missile systems will be for the first time shown on May 9, 2014, in the Victory Parade in Moscow.

Variants:

- TOR 9K330: with the 9M330 missile, minimum range 2 km (1.2 mi), introduced in 1983.
- TOR-M1 9K331: introduced in 1991 with the 9M331 missile, with greatly improved missile accuracy and the ability to engage two targets simultaneously, minimum range 1.5 km (0.93 mi), minimum height 0,01 km.
- Tor-M1V: with protection against spoofing
- TOR-M2 9K332: in service since 2007, protection against spoofing. The reaction time is 7 seconds, fully automated. The ability to engage 4 targets simultaneously.
- TOR M-2E 9K332ME: anti-aircraft missile system with a fighting vehicle on tracked chassis. The composition includes: the fighting vehicle 9A331ME and anti-aircraft missile module 9M334 with four anti-aircraft guided missiles 9M9331. The crew of 2 persons. The system is fully automated.
- Tor-M2K (9M332MK): anti-aircraft missile system with fighting vehicle using wheeled chassis. Chassis developed by the Belarusian enterprise «MZKT». In the composition includes: the fighting vehicle 9A331MK and anti-aircraft missile module 9M334 with four anti-aircraft guided missiles 9M9331.
- TOR-M2U: latest variant in service with the Russian armed forces with new battlefield missile system with better algorithms to recognize, classify and prioritize targets and able to engage four threats simultaneously.

Technical Data

Armament and components

The missile weapon turret of the TOR-M2U is mounted on a tracked vehicle chassis. The turret is mounted on the center of the chassis with surveillance radar antenna assembly located at the rear, which is swung through 90º to the horizontal position for extended travelling purposes. At the front of the turret is the phased-array pulse-Doppler 25 km range K-band tracking radar, the beams of which are also electronically steered. The missile are fired from two-four missile aluminium container-launcher modules located in the center of the turret. The TOR-M2U can destroy moving enemy targets within the range of 12 km and at altitudes from 10 m to 1,000 m.

Missile

The Tor-M2U uses the proven 9M331 surface-to-air missile (SAM) which is optimized against small-sized maneuvering targets. The vehicle is also able to fire a full range of missiles as the 9M338, 9M338GN, 9M338D, 9M338K, 9M338KUD, 9M339, 9M339D, 9M339KU, 9M339UD, and P3B-MD (export model of 9M338K). The missile is guided over a radio command link. Guidance commences as soon as the weapon enters the beam produced by the phased array and terminates when the missile hits the target. The high guidance accuracy combined with the powerful warhead enable the missile to effectively engage a wide range of air threats, including highly maneuver-able (up to 10 g) and low-vulnerable ones. Tor-M2U system is capable of detecting up to 40 targets simultaneously; sorting them by a degree of threat, tracking and attacking four targets using four missiles launched one after another.

Vehicle

The TOR-M2U uses the same chassis and powerpack of TOR-M1 using the 9A331 (GM-5955) combat vehicle, which carries a crew of four (one driver, commander and two operators), and acts as an autonomous Transporter, Launcher, and Radar unit. All members of the crew are seated in the front of the vehicle with the large box-like unmanned turret in the centre and the engine compartment at the rear. The driver is located on the left side of the vehicle front and has a windscreen immediately in front which, if required, may be covered by a hatch cover hinged at the top. The vehicle suspension consists of seven dual rubber tired roadwheels with the idler at the front, drive sprocket at the rear and three return rollers. The TOR-M2U can run at a maximum road speed of 65 km/h, for a maximum road range of 500 km.

Command and control vehicles

The Tor SAM system comprises the 9A331 combat vehicle and the 9M331 surface-to-air missile.
The technical support facilities include:
- the 9T244 transporter-loader vehicle (TLV);
- the 9T245 transporter;
- the 9V887 maintenance vehicles (MV):
- the 9F116 rigging equipment set;
- the 9F399 truck used to carry the group set of spare parts, tools and accessories

Combat use

The Tor-M2U SAM (Surface-to-Air Missile) system uses a radio-command missile guidance principle. The target acquisition radar scans the surroundings while it is either moving or stationary, detects and identifies targets. The computing devices analyze the situation, prioritize the detected targets and generate targeting information for the guidance radar. The guidance radar (stationary or at a short halt) locks on to the target, assumes its automatic tracking and calculates the time instant when the SAM is to be launched to attack it. Then, it locks on to the SAM to track it automatically and guides it toward the target by radio commands automatically. In addition to these functions, the guidance radar controls the missile's war-load. It sends delay command to the weapon's electronic fuze depending on the target-to-missile approach speed, thereby providing for the plastering of the target with a host of fragments at the required instant. In the event of a miss, the missile's self-destruct device is activated.

Specifications