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Estonia Strengthens Artillery as Tensions with Russia Rise with Integration of CAESAR Self-Propelled Howitzers.
On February 21, 2025, the first conscripts of the Estonian Division's artillery battalion began training on the newly received CAESAR self-propelled howitzers, marking a significant step in integrating this mobile artillery system into the country's defense forces. The seven-week training program is designed to equip soldiers with the necessary skills to operate the system effectively within indirect fire units. The training will conclude at the end of March with tactical exercises and live-fire drills.
Designed for operations in various environments, the CAESAR features an optional armored cabin for ballistic and mine protection, enhancing crew safety (Picture source: Estonian MoD)
The Estonian Defense Forces recently took delivery of the first batch of six CAESAR MK1 self-propelled howitzers, mounted on a 6x6 chassis, as part of a contract signed in the summer of 2024 with KNDS France and the French defense procurement agency (DGA). This agreement, made in cooperation with the French government, includes a total of twelve units, with an option to purchase additional systems in the future. The second batch of six howitzers is expected by the end of the summer, and the full fleet will be deployed within the newly established 3rd self-propelled artillery battalion under the command of the Estonian Division.
The CAESAR is a 155mm self-propelled howitzer mounted on a 6x6 truck chassis, developed by Nexter Systems, now part of the KNDS group. In service with multiple armed forces, including those of France, Indonesia, Thailand, and Ukraine, the system combines mobility and firepower. Its 155mm/52 caliber gun has a firing range of up to 40 km with conventional shells and 55 km with extended-range projectiles, providing effective fire support. The wheeled chassis allows for rapid deployment and air transport while minimizing logistics costs. The system’s automation reduces deployment time to less than a minute, minimizing exposure to counter-battery fire.
Designed for operations in various environments, the CAESAR features an optional armored cabin for ballistic and mine protection, enhancing crew safety. The system can accommodate a crew of three to five soldiers and is equipped with advanced targeting and fire control systems, enabling both autonomous operation and integration into broader artillery command networks. With a maximum road range of 600 km and a top speed of 90 km/h, it can be quickly repositioned to provide fire support across a wide area. Its adaptability to different chassis configurations allows it to meet diverse operational requirements.
The arrival of the CAESAR led to the rapid implementation of a dedicated training program within the artillery battalion, aimed at both conscripts and future reservists. Supervised by Lieutenant Rauno Viitmann, this pilot training course is intended to ensure a swift learning process and will be evaluated for potential adjustments. During the program, trainees learn system operation, tactical maneuvers, and fire mission execution at the Tapa military training area.
Lessons from the integration of the K9 Thunder self-propelled howitzers, already in service with Estonia, have been incorporated into the CAESAR training curriculum. Unlike the tracked K9, the wheeled CAESAR offers greater mobility, facilitating rapid deployment over long distances. With standard NATO caliber, it is compatible with a range of available munitions, supporting logistical efficiency.
Capable of engaging targets beyond 40 km with conventional ammunition and up to 55 km with extended-range shells, the CAESAR combines firepower and rapid response. Its automation allows for a firing rate of six rounds per minute and quick deployment, optimizing operational effectiveness.
Estonian authorities view this acquisition as a strategic enhancement of their artillery capabilities, particularly in response to evolving security challenges in Eastern Europe. According to Ramil Lipp, Strategic Category Manager for Armaments at the Estonian Centre for Defence Investments (RKIK), the CAESAR provides a mobile and effective firepower solution. Its operational use in recent conflicts, including Ukraine, demonstrates its reliability and suitability for modern battlefields.
The integration of CAESAR will continue with reservist training scheduled for the summer, ensuring the progressive strengthening of this capability within the Estonian forces. The system will be publicly showcased during the Republic of Estonia’s 107th-anniversary parade on February 24, alongside other military equipment. This presentation reflects the ongoing modernization efforts of the Estonian Defense Forces.
With this acquisition, Estonia is expanding its artillery capabilities, complementing the 24 K9 Thunder howitzers already in service. The combination of both systems, offering the firepower of a tracked platform alongside the mobility of a wheeled system, enhances operational flexibility. The delivery of the remaining CAESAR howitzers in the coming months will complete this procurement program, reinforcing Estonia’s position within NATO and its defense posture in the northeastern region of the Alliance.