Greece to buy fourth Belharra class frigate and cruise missiles from France.

According to information published by Reuters on September 19, 2024, Greece has announced plans to negotiate the purchase of a fourth Belharra frigate from France.
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Second Hellenic Defence and Intervention Frigate Nearchos. (Picture source: Prime Minister GR)

The decision, revealed by Greek Defense Minister Nikos Dendias during a ceremony at the Lorian shipyards in France, follows a previous agreement made in 2021 to acquire three of the advanced frigates for a total of 3.0 billion euros ($3.34 billion). This new move seeks to enhance Greece’s naval capabilities as the country continues to recover from a decade-long financial crisis.

Speaking at the launch of Greece’s second French-built frigate, Dendias underscored the strategic importance of the Belharra vessels, noting that three of the four ships will be equipped to carry "Scalp Naval" cruise missiles with a range of up to 1,000 kilometers (621 miles). This missile capability would provide Greece with a potent tool for long-range precision strikes.

This latest development is part of a broader Greek defense initiative, which includes a comprehensive 10-year, multi-billion-euro acquisition plan. Alongside the frigates, Greece aims to purchase up to 40 F-35 fighter jets from the United States, in addition to French-made Rafale jets.

Greece-Turkey relations

Greek-Turkish relations have experienced significant fluctuations over the years, marked by both historical rivalries and modern diplomatic efforts. Key disputes between the two countries revolve around territorial issues in the Aegean Sea, including the delimitation of maritime boundaries, airspace control, and the exploitation of energy resources in contested waters. The long-standing debate over Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) and continental shelf rights, especially after discoveries of gas reserves in the Eastern Mediterranean, has further intensified tensions. Additionally, Turkey’s declaration of casus belli (cause for war) if Greece extends its territorial waters beyond six nautical miles remains a critical sticking point.

Despite these challenges, 2023 saw notable improvements in their relations. Greece’s rapid humanitarian response to Turkey’s devastating earthquakes fostered goodwill between the nations. This was followed by high-level meetings, culminating in the "Athens Declaration" in December, where both leaders pledged to reduce tensions and enhance bilateral cooperation.

However, underlying tensions remain. Disputes over demilitarization of islands and territorial sovereignty in the Aegean persist, with Turkey frequently challenging Greek exercises and sovereignty in the region. Both nations have also indicated a desire to address these disputes through diplomatic channels, but progress on substantial issues, such as maritime boundaries, has been slow.