The T-80BVM is armed with a 125mm 2A46M-4 smoothbore gun, capable of firing a wide range of ammunition, including armor-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS), high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT), and high-explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG) rounds. Additionally, the gun can also fire 9M119M Refleks (AT-11 Sniper) anti-tank guided missiles. The missile has a tandem High-Explosive Anti-Tank (HEAT) warhead and is capable of engaging a wide range of armored targets, including main battle tanks with advanced armor protection. The 9M119M Refleks missile is semi-automatic, with the tank gunner tracking the target and maintaining the laser lock until impact. The missile has a range of approximately 100 meters to 5,000 meters, and it can also engage low-flying helicopters and other targets of opportunity, making it a versatile addition to the tank's armament. The second armament includes one coaxial 7.62mm PKT machine gun mounted to right of the main gun, while a 12.7mm NSVT anti-aircraft machine gun is located on the turret's roof. The T-80BVM is equipped with a total of 8 smoke grenade dischargers, with 4 dischargers mounted on each side of the turret. These dischargers can create a smoke screen to obscure the tank's position, providing additional protection and concealment during combat.

The design of the T-80BVM is standard for a modern Russian Main Battle Tank (MBT) with the driver at the front of the hull, the turret in the middle, and the power pack at the rear. The hull and the turret of the T-80BVM feature angular armor designs, which increase the effective thickness of the armor and help to deflect incoming projectiles. This design significantly enhances the tank's protection against various types of threats. The tank is equipped with the Relikt reactive armor plates on both the hull and the turret. These plates are visible in the image as rectangular blocks. Reactive armor provides additional protection against shaped charge warheads, such as those found on anti-tank missiles and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) rounds. The tank is fitted with armored side skirts that provide additional protection to the hull's sides, particularly against anti-tank rockets and missiles. The rear part of the turret and the hull are fitted with wire cage armor to increase protection against RPGs (Rocket Propelled Grenades). The side skirts cover the majority of the tracks and the suspension system.