US supports Tunisia’s military modernization through strategic Javelin anti-tank missile deal.

On December 3, 2024, the United States approved a $107.7 million potential Foreign Military Sale to Tunisia for Javelin FGM-148F anti-tank missiles and related support systems. The deal includes 184 missiles, four of which are designated as fly-to-buy for testing, and 30 Lightweight Command Launch Units (LWCLUs). This acquisition is set to complement Tunisia’s existing anti-tank capabilities, which currently rely on systems such as the Milan and TOW missile platforms and vehicle-mounted launchers like the M901 ITV TOW. The introduction of the Javelin system is expected to significantly enhance Tunisia's ability to counter armored threats and bolster its overall infantry effectiveness.
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The Javelin anti-tank missile system is a modern addition to Tunisia’s arsenal, offering capabilities that significantly surpass its current inventory. (Picture source: US DoD)

Tunisia’s current anti-tank arsenal includes man-portable missile systems and older platforms, such as the Milan, that have been in service for decades. These systems are supplemented by vehicle-mounted TOW launchers, which provide additional firepower against both armored vehicles and fortifications. While effective, these systems are aging and have limited operational flexibility compared to newer technologies like the Javelin. The Javelin's fire-and-forget capabilities and extended range provide a modernized edge, aligning with Tunisia’s broader efforts to modernize its defense forces.

Tunisia is navigating a multifaceted geopolitical landscape, with internal political challenges and regional instability shaping its defense priorities. The consolidation of power by President Kais Saied in 2021 led to strained relations with Western allies due to perceived democratic backsliding. Nevertheless, Tunisia has maintained critical partnerships, including those with the United States, which designated it as a major non-NATO ally in 2015. Additionally, Tunisia's defense modernization is shaped by its strategic need to counter threats from neighboring Libya, where ongoing instability continues to pose risks to national security.

In terms of its foreign policy, Tunisia is striking a balance between traditional alliances and new partnerships. While maintaining ties with the European Union, particularly on migration and economic issues, Tunisia has expanded cooperation with countries like China, seeking to diversify its security and economic alliances. This dual-track strategy aims to enhance sovereignty and reduce reliance on any single bloc, reflecting Tunisia’s adaptation to evolving global dynamics.

The Javelin missile system is a modern addition to Tunisia’s arsenal, offering capabilities that significantly surpass its current inventory. Designed as a man-portable fire-and-forget anti-tank system, the Javelin uses advanced infrared homing to engage targets effectively from distances of up to 4,000 meters. Its tandem-charge warhead is capable of defeating modern armor, including vehicles equipped with explosive reactive armor (ERA), by employing a precursor charge to neutralize the ERA before the primary warhead penetrates the base armor.

The Javelin’s lightweight design and advanced LWCLU enhance operational flexibility, allowing for deployment in various environments with minimal setup time. Its fire-and-forget capability ensures greater safety for operators, as they can relocate immediately after launch. These features make the Javelin particularly suited to Tunisia’s evolving defense needs, providing its forces with a modern and versatile tool to address a wide range of armored and fortified threats. This acquisition underscores Tunisia’s commitment to advancing its military capabilities in alignment with regional security challenges.