Has the Russian 2S19 Msta-SM2 self-propelled howitzer proved its value in Ukraine?.

As noted by Maxim Kazanin on January 7, 2025, Russia’s deployment of the 2S19M2 Msta-SM2 self-propelled howitzer in Ukraine has introduced advancements to Russian artillery units by improving targeting precision and extending operational range. However, Chinese analysts have observed that the Msta-SM2’s design and operational issues, including mechanical reliability problems and logistical limitations, reduced its overall effectiveness. While the Msta-SM2 enhances capabilities in specific scenarios, it does not comprehensively address key operational shortcomings of Russian artillery units in Ukraine.
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As of today, the 2S19 Msta-SM2 self-propelled howitzer offers improved targeting capabilities for the Russian artillery units deployed in Ukraine, but is constrained by several mechanical and logistical issues. (Picture source: Russian social media)

In Ukraine, the Russian Armed Forces have deployed the 2S19M2 Msta-SM2 self-propelled howitzers to improve artillery capabilities, particularly in counter-battery operations. The system features the Uspekh-S automated guidance and fire control system (AGFCS), enabling operations in various weather conditions and at all times of day. It incorporates advanced targeting and firing systems, allowing crews to receive target data from drones such as the Orlan-10, ZALA 421-16E, Forpost-Ru, and Inokhodets-Ru. Although these capabilities enhance operational precision, the lack of a fully digital fire control system and certain automation limitations constrain its overall effectiveness.

Chinese military analysts attribute several strengths to the Msta-SM2, including partial digitalization and GPS/GLONASS compatibility, which improve targeting accuracy. They identify it as a capable system compared to more advanced but less deployable options like the 2S35 Koalitsiya-SV. However, they also highlight vulnerabilities such as low hydraulic reliability, the absence of armored partitions for crew safety, and dependence on field logistics, which pose challenges under combat conditions. Combat losses in Ukraine, attributed to artillery strikes and ammunition malfunctions, illustrate these limitations and diminish its overall impact.

Introduced in 2013, the Msta-SM2 features a 152mm 2A64M2 howitzer with a firing rate of up to 10 rounds per minute. It achieves a maximum range of 43 kilometers using advanced munitions like the Krasnopol-D guided projectiles. The programmable loading system supports "fire raid" missions, enabling synchronized strikes. Its mobility, facilitated by a chassis derived from T-72 and T-80 tanks, supports shoot-and-scoot tactics to minimize vulnerability. However, reports from Ukraine have noted issues such as mechanical failures and limited maintainability, which impact its sustained combat use.

Also known as 2S33 Msta-SM2, this Russian self-propelled howitzer has been employed effectively in counter-battery roles during the conflict in Ukraine. Its integration with UAVs, such as the Orlan-30, facilitates the use of Krasnopol-M2 projectiles for high-precision strikes on fortified positions, artillery units, and command centers. Tactical adaptations include deploying small counter-battery groups of 2-3 guns within designated patrol zones with pre-arranged resupply points. While these strategies mitigate operational constraints, they also underscore the system’s dependence on careful logistical planning.

Notable losses have been recorded; as of January 23, 2025, Russian forces have lost 51 units. Among these, 30 units have been destroyed (some due to defective North Korean ammunition) three have been damaged, and 18 have been captured by Ukrainian forces. The captured units include some that were damaged, reflecting challenges in maintaining operational control over these self-propelled howitzers. Ukrainian forces have effectively utilized some of the captured systems against Russian positions, demonstrating the adaptability of the platform in diverse operational contexts.